Resilience Measurements and Dynamics of Resource-Based Cities in Heilongjiang Province, China

In the process of sustainable transformation, resource-based cities (RBCs) in Heilongjiang are a dilemma. Resilience is key capability to help RBCs deepen development, adapt shocks, and exit transformation This study aims clarify resilience measurements dynamics propose targeted enhancement strategies. First, we construct indicator system based on urban complex adaptive (CAS) use principal component analysis (PCA) specify weights obtain values Province during 2010–2019, then cluster classify five grades. Second, identify analyze from 2010–2019 cycle framework. The results indicate that overall have exhibited an upward trend over past decade, but there clear variations level between different types RBCs. petroleum-based city has highest resilience, less affected by recovers quickly. Forest-based medium able recover they fail improve remain at for long time. Coal-based low find it difficult this improved since 2017. Finally, strategies levels provide with directional guidance overcoming development dilemma through measures.